PIM(4)

NAME
pim - Protocol Independent Multicast

SYNOPSIS
options MROUTING
options PIM

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip_mroute.h>
#include <netinet/pim.h>
int
getsockopt(int s, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_PIM, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
int
setsockopt(int s, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_PIM, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);
int
getsockopt(int s, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_PIM, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
int
setsockopt(int s, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_PIM, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);

DESCRIPTION
PIM is the common name for two multicast routing protocols: Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) and Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM).

PIM-SM is a multicast routing protocol that can use the underlying unicast routing information base or a separate multicast-capable routing information base. It builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at a Rendezvous Point (RP) per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.

PIM-DM is a multicast routing protocol that uses the underlying unicast routing information base to flood multicast datagrams to all multicast routers. Prune messages are used to prevent future datagrams from propagating to routers with no group membership information.

Both PIM-SM and PIM-DM are fairly complex protocols, though PIM-SM is much more complex. To enable PIM-SM or PIM-DM multicast routing in a router, the user must enable multicast forwarding via the net.inet.ip.mforwarding sysctl(8) and PIM processing in the kernel (see SYNOPSIS for the correct kernel configuration option). The user must also run a PIM-SM or PIM-DM capable user-level process. From a developer's point of view, the programming guide described in the Programming Guide section should be used to control the PIM processing in the kernel.

  Programming Guide
After a multicast routing socket is open and multicast forwarding is enabled in the kernel (see multicast(4)), one of the following socket options should be used to enable or disable PIM processing in the kernel. Note that those options require certain privilege (i.e., root privilege):

    /* IPv4 */
    int v = 1;        /* 1 to enable, or 0 to disable */
    setsockopt(mrouter_s4, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_PIM, (void *)&v, sizeof(v));

    /* IPv6 */
    int v = 1;        /* 1 to enable, or 0 to disable */
    setsockopt(mrouter_s6, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_PIM, (void *)&v, sizeof(v));

After PIM processing is enabled, the multicast-capable interfaces should be added (see multicast(4)). For PIM-SM, the PIM-Register virtual interface must be added as well. This can be accomplished by using the following options:

    /* IPv4 */
    struct vifctl vc;
    memset(&vc, 0, sizeof(vc));
    /* Assign all vifctl fields as appropriate */
    ...
    if (is_pim_register_vif)
        vc.vifc_flags |= VIFF_REGISTER;
    setsockopt(mrouter_s4, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_ADD_VIF, (void *)&vc,
               sizeof(vc));

    /* IPv6 */
    struct mif6ctl mc;
    memset(&mc, 0, sizeof(mc));
    /* Assign all mif6ctl fields as appropriate */
    ...
    if (is_pim_register_vif)
        mc.mif6c_flags |= MIFF_REGISTER;
    setsockopt(mrouter_s6, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MIF, (void *)&mc,
               sizeof(mc));

Sending or receiving of PIM packets can be accomplished by first opening a “raw socket” (see socket(2)), with protocol value of IPPROTO_PIM:

    /* IPv4 */
    int pim_s4;
    pim_s4 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_PIM);

    /* IPv6 */
    int pim_s6;
    pim_s6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_PIM);

Then the following system calls can be used to send or receive PIM packets: sendto(2), sendmsg(2), recvfrom(2), and recvmsg(2).

SEE ALSO
getsockopt(2), recvfrom(2), recvmsg(2), sendmsg(2), sendto(2), setsockopt(2), socket(2), inet(4), intro(4), ip(4), multicast(4), sysctl(8)

STANDARDS
A. Adams, J. Nicholas, W. Siadak, January 2005, RFC 3973, Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification (Revised).

B. Fenner, M. Handley, H. Holbrook, I. Kouvelas, August 2006, RFC 4601, Protocol Independent Multicast – Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised).

N. Bhaskar, A. Gall, J. Lingard, S. Venaas, January 2008, RFC 5059, Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM).

AUTHORS
-nosplit The original IPv4 PIM kernel support for IRIX and SunOS-4.x was implemented by Ahmed Helmy (USC and SGI). Later the code was ported to various BSD flavors and modified by George Edmond Eddy (Rusty) (ISI), Hitoshi Asaeda (WIDE Project), and Pavlin Radoslavov (USC/ISI and ICSI).

The IPv6 PIM kernel support was implemented by the KAME project (http://www.kame.net), and was based on the IPv4 PIM kernel support.

This manual page was written by Pavlin Radoslavov (ICSI).